Ingredient guide: what's in your food and cosmetics

39 ingredients explained in plain English · rules checked against official US, Canadian and EU sources

Every page below says what the ingredient is, why it's used, what regulators and studies actually say, and whether it's allowed in the United States, Canada and the European Union — with the official sources linked so you can check for yourself.

Allowed in one place, restricted in another

Compare all ingredients

IngredientUnited StatesCanadaEuropean Union
Acesulfame potassium
Artificial sweetener
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Aspartame
Artificial sweetener
Permitted with conditionsPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Azodicarbonamide
Flour treatment agent / dough conditioner
Permitted with conditionsPermitted with conditionsNot permitted
BHA
Synthetic antioxidant preservative
Permitted with conditionsPermitted with conditionsRestricted
BHT
Synthetic antioxidant preservative
Permitted with conditionsPermitted with conditionsRestricted
Blue 1
Synthetic food dye
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Brominated vegetable oil (BVO)
Flavor-oil stabilizer (former beverage additive)
Not permittedNot permittedNot permitted
Calcium propionate
Preservative (mold inhibitor)
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Caramel color
Brown coloring made by heating sugars
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Carrageenan
Seaweed-derived thickener and stabilizer
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Citric acid
Acidulant and pH adjuster
PermittedPermittedPermitted
Dimethicone
Silicone conditioning and skin-protectant ingredient
PermittedPermittedPermitted
DMDM hydantoin
Cosmetic preservative (formaldehyde releaser)
Permitted with conditionsPermittedPermitted with conditions
Fragrance (Parfum)
Scent blend used in cosmetics and household products
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
High-fructose corn syrup
Liquid sweetener (corn-derived sugar syrup)
PermittedPermittedPermitted
Maltodextrin
Starch-derived carbohydrate (bulking agent and carrier)
PermittedPermittedPermitted
Methylparaben (and the parabens)
Preservative (cosmetics; also a limited food and drug preservative)
PermittedPermittedPermitted with conditions
MSG
Flavour enhancer
PermittedPermittedPermitted with conditions
Natural flavors
Flavoring category
PermittedPermittedPermitted with conditions
Oxybenzone
Chemical UV filter
Permitted with conditionsPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Petrolatum
Cosmetic emollient and occlusive (also an over-the-counter skin protectant)
PermittedPermittedPermitted with conditions
Phenoxyethanol
Cosmetic preservative
PermittedPermittedPermitted with conditions
Polysorbate 80
Emulsifier (surfactant)
Permitted with conditionsPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Potassium bromate
Flour improver / dough conditioner
Permitted with conditionsNot permittedNot permitted
Propylene glycol
Humectant and solvent
PermittedPermitted with conditionsRestricted
Red 3
Synthetic food dye
RestrictedPermitted with conditionsRestricted
Red 40
Synthetic food dye
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Sodium benzoate
Preservative
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)
Cleansing (surfactant) ingredient
PermittedPermittedPermitted
Sodium nitrite
Curing agent and preservative
Permitted with conditionsPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Soy lecithin
Emulsifier
PermittedPermittedPermitted
Sucralose
Artificial sweetener
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Talc
Mineral powder (absorbent, filler)
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
TBHQ
Synthetic antioxidant preservative
Permitted with conditionsRestrictedRestricted
Titanium dioxide
White pigment and mineral UV filter
Permitted with conditionsPermittedNot permitted
Triclosan
Antibacterial preservative
RestrictedPermitted with conditionsRestricted
Xanthan gum
Fermentation-derived thickener and stabilizer
PermittedPermittedPermitted
Yellow 5
Synthetic food dye
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions
Yellow 6
Synthetic food dye
PermittedPermitted with conditionsPermitted with conditions

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Status reflects each region's food-additive or cosmetics rules as of the review date on each page. General information only, not medical or regulatory advice.